The Common Vein Copyright 2011
Definition
Fractures of the phalanges of the foot are usually caused by direct trauma or a stubbing injury.
The fractures are classified by location, angulation, displacement, comminution, intraarticular involvement, presence of fracture-dislocation. The possible locations for fractures include the proximal, middle, and distal phalanx.
The fracture may be complicated in the acute phase by neurovascular injury, or in the subacute or chronic phases by nonunion, malunion, infection, osteonecrosis, and osteoarthritis.
The diagnosis of this injury is usually made by a combination of physical examination and x-ray imaging.
Imaging includes the use of plain x-rays, and if indicated CT-scan, or MRI.
Treatment for most phalangeal fracture is nonoperative management with a stiff-soled shoe with protected weight bearing. Buddy taping can be effective. Some fractures require a reduction. Surgery is reserved for unstable fractures or multiple fractures.
References
Davis MF, Davis PF, Ross DS. Expert Guide to Sports Medicine. ACP Series, 2005.
Elstrom J, Virkus W, Pankovich (eds), Handbook of Fractures (3rd edition), McGraw Hill, New York, NY, 2006.
Koval K, Zuckerman J (eds), Handbook of Fractures (3rd edition), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 2006.
Lieberman J (ed), AAOS Comprehensive Orthopaedic Review, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2008.
Moore K, Dalley A (eds), Clinically Oriented Anatomy (5th edition), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 2006.